Allergy symptoms in kids

Children, who frequently develop a rash or hives, sneeze or cough a lot, or have nausea, cramping, or stomachaches after eating certain foods might have an allergy.

What are allergies in children?

Allergies are immune system disorders. The majority of allergy reactions are caused by the immune system responding to a “false alarm.” The human body often protects itself from harmful substances like bacteria and viruses. However, occasionally the defences target relatively harmless substances like mould, dust, or pollen. 

Allergens are usually harmless. However, the body recognises these allergens to be harmful when an individual has allergies. The body then uses antibodies known as immunoglobulin E (IgE) to combat allergens. Special cells known as mast cells have these antibodies bound to them. Antibodies cling to allergens. Histamine and other substances are released by the mast cells as a result, resulting in an allergic reaction. 

Symptoms of nasal allergies arise when the chemicals irritate the nasal tissue in the region.

Coughing and wheezing are two symptoms of asthma that can occur when this happens in the lungs’ breathing tubes. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can occur when the entire body is affected.

What are the symptoms of allergies in a child?

All parts of the body, including the skin, eyes, stomach lining, nose, sinuses, throat, and lungs, are susceptible to allergic reactions. To fight bacteria that are inhaled, swallowed, or come into touch with the skin, immune system cells are found here. 

Itching in the ears or roof of the mouth, sneezing, runny or itchy nose, and stuffy nose are all symptoms of allergic reactions. 

Watery, itchy, and red eyes 

Dry, itchy, and red skin 

Hives or welts that itch 

Itchy rash

Mouth: itching, swelling of the lips and/or tongue
Gut symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, and cramps
Asthma symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing.
Anaphylaxis is a severe, sometimes life-threatening allergic reaction. 

Common Allergy Triggers in Children

Outdoor allergens in children include pollen from trees and plants, as well as insect bites or stings.
Indoors: pet hair or fur, dust mites, mould
Irritants include cigarette smoke, perfume, and automobile exhaust.
Foods include peanuts, eggs, milk, and dairy products.

Which children are at risk of allergies?

Allergies may affect anyone. Children are more likely to suffer from allergies. However, they can arise at any age. Allergy symptoms may return after being in remission for many years. Allergies are common in families, although the actual cause is unknown. Allergy symptoms typically develop gradually over time. Children with eczema or asthma are more likely to have allergies than children without these conditions.

How are allergies treated in a child?

Treatment will be determined by what your child is allergic to, as well as their symptoms, age, and overall health. It will also depend on how serious the condition is. 

Allergy symptoms can mimic those of other medical diseases. Always consult your child’s healthcare provider for a diagnosis. 

The three most effective methods for treating allergies are avoidance, allergy immunotherapy, and medication. 

Avoidance refers to staying away from something that causes an allergic reaction.  Here are some suggestions for avoiding allergens:  

Make children stay indoors when the pollen count is high or on windy days. 

Control dust in your home, especially your child’s bedroom.

Wash bedding once a week in hot water.

Use allergen-proof coverings for beds and pillows.  

If possible, use air conditioning rather than opening windows.  

Place a dehumidifier in wet areas of the property. However, remember to clean it frequently.  

When the pollen count is high, have your child take a bath or shower, wash their hair, and change clothes.  

Take vacations in regions where pollen is less abundant, such as near the seaside.

Allergy immunotherapy is a method for gradually making your body less reactive to allergens over time. 

There are two types of allergy immunotherapy: allergy shots and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). 

Allergy shots are administered over a period of several months. A small amount of allergen is injected beneath the skin. They can cure allergies to mould, pollen, dust, animal dander, and insect bites. 

With SLIT, your child takes a tablet and dissolves it under their tongue every day. This can be done from home. SLIT is accessible for children who are allergic to ragweed pollen and grass pollen. 

Consult your child’s pediatrician to determine whether allergy immunotherapy is appropriate for your child.

Additional treatments for hay fever (rhinitis) may include:

Antihistamines and nasal sprays
Asthma treatment options include decongestants.
Decongestants are not suggested for children under the age of four. 

For additional information on allergy medication, speak with your child’s healthcare professional.

Conclusion

Allergy symptoms might easily be confused with cold symptoms. However, determining whether your child has a cold or allergies requires taking a comprehensive approach. Your child’s pediatrician will identify an allergy, take a comprehensive medical history, and examine your child.