What Is Hydrocephalus and Its Types

Excessive buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain's ventricles is known as hydrocephalus. 

Hydrocephalus is a chronic neurological condition that occurs due to the abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain’s ventricles (fluid-filled spaces).

It occurs when the production and absorption of CSF are out of equilibrium. The ventricles enlarge due to this extra fluid, which raises the pressure on the brain.

There are several types of hydrocephalus:

Hydrocephalus may also be classified according to when it develops:

In infants and children, hydrocephalus symptoms might include: 

fussiness and exhaustion 
poor appetite 
vomiting, delayed development, and eyes that remain downward 

The "soft spot" is still present in infants under one year old because their skull bones have not yet entirely fused. In these, hydrocephalus typically results in large scalp veins, enlarging of the head, and bulging at the soft spot.

Hydrocephalus can happen due to several reasons, including:

Aqueductal stenosis: when the passage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between the brain's ventricles is obstructed

Spina bifida: when a baby's spinal cord does not fully form

Infections that occur during pregnancy and preterm birth problems

Brain haemorrhage (after a brain injury or stroke)

An infection in the brain 

A brain tumour

Doctors usually diagnose hydrocephalus by:

Treatment varies according to the child's age and cause. The main options are:

Surgical 

•    VP Shunt (Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt):

A thin tube is inserted under the skin to drain excess fluid from the ventricles of the brain to the abdomen, where the body can absorb it.

Shunts will need to be replaced as the child develops

They can also be replaced if they block or get infected

•    ETV (Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy):

A tiny hole is made at the bottom of a brain ventricle to enable CSF to circulate and be absorbed naturally.

Supportive Therapies (if there is a delay in development):

•Early intervention programs

•Physical therapy

•Occupational therapy

These assist with facilitating the child's movement, coordination, and daily skills as they grow.

At Ankura Hospital, we deliver specialized and empathetic treatment for children with a diagnosis of hydrocephalus. Our highly qualified pediatric neurosurgeons and pediatric neurologists employ cutting-edge diagnostic imaging and surgical procedures to provide safe and effective care. In addition to that, we provide supportive therapies such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and developmental programs to facilitate improvements in children's growth and quality of life. With cutting-edge facilities, a multi-disciplinary staff, and child friendly care, Ankura Hospital provides holistic treatment and long-term management for children suffering from hydrocephalus.