Spina bifida is a condition that typically manifests at birth and affects the spine. If the neural tube fails to form properly or close completely, it can occur anywhere along the spine.
Spina bifida is a birth condition where a baby’s spine doesn’t develop properly during pregnancy. It can range from mild to serious, but with the right treatment, babies born with spina bifida can get the help they need.
What is Spina Bifida?
Spina bifida is a birth condition where a baby’s spine doesn’t develop properly during pregnancy. It can range from mild to serious, but with the right treatment, babies born with spina bifida can get the help they need.
Types of Spina Bifida:
Spina bifida occulta: This is a gap in the bones of the spine but the meninges and spinal cord do not protrude through it. They are in their usual position within the spinal canal, and there is no opening on the baby’s back. Meningocele: This is where a sac that holds spinal fluid bulges through the opening in the spine. The spinal cord is in the correct position in the spinal canal. The skin covering the meningocele usually is open. Myelomeningocele: This is when a sac containing the meninges, spinal fluid, and some of the spinal cord protrudes through the gap in the spine and the skin. It can be seen on the baby’s back.Symptoms of Spina Bifida
The symptoms of spina bifida will vary depending on how big the gap is, where it is on the spine, and the type of spina bifida your child has. Some common symptoms can be:- Back pain
- Bowel or bladder control issues
- Weakness in the leg
- Loss or decreased sensation in the body parts
What Causes Spina Bifida?
Why spina bifida occurs isn’t entirely understood. But specialists believe it’s associated with a combination of genetic and environmental elements that influence the way the neural tube (which develops into the brain and spinal cord) shapes early during pregnancy. If this development fails to occur correctly, it may cause conditions such as spina bifida. It’s still not completely known why some babies develop spina bifida. One possible reason is if the mother doesn’t get enough folic acid in the early stages of pregnancy. Other factors that might increase the risk include:- Taking certain medications for seizures during pregnancy
- Having had a previous child with spina bifida
- Having diabetes
How Is Spina Bifida Diagnosed?
Spina bifida can be diagnosed during pregnancy. A pregnancy test known as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assists in screening whether there is a greater likelihood of the baby having the condition. Additional testing such as a prenatal ultrasound or a fetal MRI can be used to determine if the baby has spina bifida.How Is Spina Bifida Treated?
Treatment varies with the severity of the condition. Mild conditions such as spina bifida occulta do not require any treatment in babies. In serious conditions such as meningocele or myelomeningocele, the infant will require specialized care. This can include a team of specialists like a neurosurgeon, orthopedic surgeon, urologist, physical and occupational therapists, and a social worker.Possible Complications of Spina Bifida
More serious forms of spina bifida can lead to various complications, such as:- Trouble with walking or movement
- Fluid buildup in the brain (hydrocephalus)
- Learning challenges, including issues with coordination, memory, or problem-solving
- Paralysis in the legs
- Curved spine (scoliosis)
- A tethered spinal cord, where the spinal cord is abnormally attached and stretched
Why Choose Ankura Hospital for Spina Bifida Care?
At Ankura Hospital, we know how delicate and complex spina bifida care can be—and we’re here to walk with you every step of the way. Our specialized team consists of board-certified pediatric orthopedic surgeons and highly qualified pediatric surgery experts trained to handle even the most difficult cases with accuracy and empathy. What sets us apart is our collaborative, child-focused approach. From initial diagnosis through rehabilitation after surgery, our team unites to develop an individualized care plan for your child. Our advanced medical equipment and surgical tools ensure safer operations and improved results The environment at Ankura is designed with children in mind—warm, welcoming, and family-friendly. We aim to reduce stress for both parents and little ones, making the hospital experience as comfortable as possible. With a proven track record in pediatric care and a commitment to excellence, Ankura Hospital is a trusted choice for families seeking the best care for children with spina bifida.Conclusion
Discovering that your newborn has spina bifida can quickly shift feelings of joy into worry and confusion. It’s natural to have countless questions and feel unsure about what lies ahead. Your medical team recognizes how difficult this can be and wants you to know that you’re not facing it alone. They’ll support you at every stage to ensure both you and your baby receive the best possible care.FAQ’s for Spina Bifida: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Spina bifida is a birth defect where the baby’s spine and spinal cord don’t develop properly during early pregnancy. It can lead to physical and neurological issues depending on the type and severity of the condition.
Spina bifida may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Low folic acid intake during pregnancy, certain medications, diabetes, and having a previous child with spina bifida can increase the risk.
Spina bifida can be detected through prenatal tests like the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) blood test, ultrasound, or fetal MRI. These help identify spinal defects in the developing baby before birth.
Symptoms can include back pain, weakness or paralysis in the legs, bowel and bladder issues, and loss of sensation. Visible signs may include a sac on the baby’s back or an unusual tuft of hair or dimple at the spine.
Women can reduce the risk by taking folic acid supplements before conception and during early pregnancy. Avoiding certain medications and managing health conditions like diabetes can also help prevent neural tube defects.
Author: Dr. Sujith Omkaram
Consultant Pediatric Orthopedician
